PVCare – Preventive Conservation Strategies for Poly(vinyl chloride) Objects

Leave a Comment / PVCare, Štukmarmor / By

1.1.2022 – 31.12.2024

Synthetic and semi-synthetic polymeric materials have shaped modern and contemporary art and design for over a century. Among these, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is particularly challenging due to its rapid degradation, which can compromise both aesthetic and structural integrity over decades. While previous research has predominantly focused on high-temperature degradation, PVC’s behaviour under typical storage conditions remains poorly understood, leaving conservators without clear, evidence-based preventive conservation guidelines.

The PVCare project addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating the chemistry and mechanics of PVC degradation in historical sacrificial samples and working with heritage institutions to survey their collections. Our multidisciplinary team—comprising experts from the Jagiellonian University, Jerzy Haber Institute, and University of Ljubljana—works collaboratively with leading heritage institutions such as Cricoteka (Krakow), the Museum of Architecture and Design (Ljubljana), and Centre Pompidou (Paris), the Smithsonian (USA) and the Deutsches Historisches Museum (Germany), the Modern Gallery and Museum of Contemporary Art in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and the Regional museum Maribor (Slovenia). The project employs a range of scientific techniques to model damage accumulation processes including discoloration, plasticizer migration, and cracking under ambient storage conditions. By linking degradation rates to environmental conditions and material composition, we aim to develop robust computational models and an innovative online tool that empower conservators to make informed decisions about environmental management and preventive conservation.

The outcomes of PVCare will have a significant impact on the field of preventive conservation, providing a much-needed framework for the care and management of contemporary collections. Additionally, the methodologies and tools developed during this project will have broader applications in surface analysis across various scientific and industrial fields. The project’s results will be widely disseminated through scientific publications, a dedicated website, and conferences, ensuring that both academic and practical advancements reach the broader heritage science community.

Figure 1: Examples of iconic PVC art and design objects. Left: Essuie-mains / Hygiène de l’art, 1971 (inv. no. AM 2006-114), middle: Fauteuil Blow, 1967 (inv. no. AM 2007-1-38), right: Plafonnier, 1968 (inv. no. AM 2007-1-5) from MNAM, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France.

The project objectives were:

  • To recognize the fundamental link between chemical degradation and mechanical damage and using this information to develop preventive conservation guidelines for modern heritage and art collections made from poly(vinyl chloride) – PVC.
  • Survey real heritage collections using non-destructive analytical tools to determine material composition as well as to quantify the extent of damage by measuring colour, quantifying surface deposits of additives and by measuring the extent of cracking in historical objects.
  • In-depth scientific research into more than 70 sacrificial historical samples of PVC in order to obtain compositional data. With these well-defined samples, we will carry out accelerated degradation experiments at various conditions in order to assess the rates of degradation.
  • Perform computational modelling of damage accumulation during accelerated and natural degradation of PVC.
  • Quantify the accumulated damage and develop models, i.e. damage functions, that quantitatively describe the relationship between rate of degradation, environmental conditions and sample composition.
  • Develop preventive conservation scenarios, exploring how the rates of degradation can be slowed down at various combinations of environmental parameters.

 

Partnership

The project was funded through the CEUS scheme in collaboration between ARIS (Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency, no. N1-0241) and NCN (Narodowe Centrum Nauki, OPUS-LAP 20, No. 2020/39/I/HS2/00911) involved:

In collaboration with:

Scientific achievements:

Scientific Articles:

  • SAAD, Marwa, BUCKI, Marek, BUJOK, Sonia, PAWCENIS, Dominika, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, GÓRECKI, Karol, BRATASZ, Łukasz, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof. The impact of heat and humidity on unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Polymer degradation and stability. 2025, vol. , [article no.] 111334, str. 1-41, DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111334.
  • NOVAK, Morana, GRAU-BOVÉ, Josep, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRAŠEVEC, Ida, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, DE STEFANI, Caroline, CHECKLEY-SCOTT, Caroline, STRLIČ, Matija. A quantitative study of acetic acid emissions from historical cellulose acetate at room conditions. Heritage science. 22 Feb. 2025, vol. 13, [article no.] 22, str. 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s40494-025-01551-y. 
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, BUJOK, Sonia, ANTROPOV, Sergii, NEWSOME, G. Asher, GRAU-BOVÉ, Josep, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, BRATASZ, Łukasz, STRLIČ, Matija. Heritage PVC objects : understanding the diffusion-evaporation of plasticizers. Polymer degradation and stability. May 2025, vol. 235, [article no.] 111270, str. 1-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111270, [COBISS.SI-ID 227556611]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, PAWCENIS, Dominika, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. The significance of sample preparation of historical and contemporary poly(vinyl chloride) objects to investigate the distribution and changes of molar mass by SEC-MALS-dRI. Heritage science. 28 Jul. 2023, vol. 11, [article no.] 155, str. 1-12, DOI: 10.1186/s40494-023-01003-5. [COBISS.SI-ID 160389891]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. Damage function for poly(vinyl chloride) in heritage collections. Polymer degradation and stability. May 2023, vol. 211, [article no.] 110329, str. 1-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110329. [COBISS.SI-ID 146266371]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, RIBAR, David, MARKELJ, Jernej, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. Machine learning-assisted non-destructive plasticizer identification and quantification in historical PVC objects based on IR spectroscopy. Scientific reports. 23 Mar. 2022, vol. 12, [article no.] 5017, str. 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08862-1. [COBISS.SI-ID 102113283]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. Plastics in heritage collections : poly(vinyl chloride) degradation and characterization. Acta chimica slovenica. [Spletna izd.]. 2020, vol. 67, no. 4, str. 993-1013 DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2020.6479. [COBISS.SI-ID 40947715]
  • BUJOK, S., Pańczyk, T., SZUTKOWSKI, K., ANIOŁ, D., ANTROPOV S., KRUCZAŁA, K., BRATASZ, Ł.. Migration of phthalate plasticisers in heritage objects made of poly(vinyl chloride): Mechanical and environmental aspects. Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 375, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124234
  • SAAD, M., BUJOK, S., KRUCZAŁA, K. Non-destructive detection and identification of plasticizers in PVC objects by means of machine learning-assisted Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. vol. 322, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.124769
  • ELNAGGAR A. Nine principles of green heritage science: life cycle assessment as a tool enabling green transformation. Heritage Science, 2024 12:13  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-023-01114-z [COBISS.SI-ID 180581123]

Datasets:

Monograph:

  • MALTAR, Nika, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, MADŽARAC, Nada, DORIČ, Nina, TRČEK PEČAK, Tamara. Hranjenje in razstavljanje slike Andraža Šalamuna iz zbirke Moderne galerije v Ljubljani = Čuvanje i izlaganje slike Andraža Šalamuna iz zbirke Moderne galerije u Ljubljani = Preserving and exhibiting a painting by Andraž Šalamun from the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in Ljubljana. V: TRČEK PEČAK, Tamara (ur.), et al. Od blizu : ohranjanje, varovanje ter konserviranje-restavriranje modernih in sodobnih umetniških del = Izbliza : očuvanje, zaštita i konzerviranje-restauriranje modernih i suvremenih umjetničkih djela = Up close : preservation, protection, and conservation-restoration of modern and contemporary works of art. Ljubljana: Akademija za likovno umetnost in oblikovanje Univerze v Ljubljani: = The Academy of Fine Arts and Design of the University of Ljubljana: Moderna galerija: = The Museum of Modern Art; Zagreb: Muzej suvremene umjetnosti: = The Museum of Contemporary Art, 2024. Str. 370-387, ilustr. ISBN 978-961-7009-24-8, ISBN 978-961-206-104-3, ISBN 978-953-370-030-4. [COBISS.SI-ID 192251395]

Invited lectures at conferences:

  • NEWSOME, G. Asher, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, BRIGHT, Leah. Application and accessibility improvements for real-time, minimally invasive, non-proximate sampling of conserved art objects : [keynote lecture]. In: IMSC2024 : International Mass Spectrometry Conference 2024 : August 17-23, Melbourne, Australia : abstract book : oral presentations. 2024. Str. 415-416. https://az659834.vo.msecnd.net/eventsairseasiaprod/production-aomevents-public/199790259bac4cb9b892eff98343bc66. [COBISS.SI-ID 211893251]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, ŠUBIC, Maja, PAWCENIS, Dominika, SAAD, Marwa, GÓRECKI, Karol, BUCKI, Marek, BUJOK, Sonia, ANTROPOV, Sergii, BRATASZ, Łukasz, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. PVC : modelling of decay processes for improved preventive conservation : [keynote lecture]. In: Back, now, and then 2023 : understanding Dieter Roth’s POeMETRIE series & the age of plastics : bridging science and art : 12.-13. October 2023, Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, Austria : symposium programme & book of abstracts. 2023. Str. 22. https://www.backnowandthen2023.com/_files/ugd/25af90_ab6bbf76f0ab42dbbb249e9e70383aba.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 183942915]

Conference presentations:

  • STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, ELNAGGAR, Abdelrazek, ROPRET, Polonca, MAHGOUB, Hend, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, APOSTOLOVA, Desislava, PAOLIN, Emma, ELREFAEY, Ibrahim, ANŽUR, Lana Nastja, POK, Špela, DERAZ, Randa, ŠTULAR, Ivana. The non-destructive analysis and diagnostics programme group. 2nd conference of the Slovenian node of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science : book of abstracts : 13th November, 2024, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. Maribor: University of Maribor, 2024. Str. 52, ilustr. https://www.e-rihs.si/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/E-RIHS.SI-2nd-Conference-BoA.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 224719107]
  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. PVCare : advances in understanding of acidic gas emissions from poly(vinyl chloride). 2nd conference of the Slovenian node of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science : book of abstracts : 13th November, 2024, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. Maribor: University of Maribor, 2024. Str. 49, ilustr. https://www.e-rihs.si/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/E-RIHS.SI-2nd-Conference-BoA.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 224655107]
  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Degradation by dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) heritage objects : [oral presentation]. In: 7th International Congress on Chemistry for Cultural Heritage : ChemCH : Bratislava, Slovakia, 2-5 July 2024. 2024. Str. 52-53. https://chemch2024.educell.sk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Proceedings_ChemCH2024.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 202025475]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija, NEWSOME, G. Asher. The power of swabs : non-destructive surface analysis of heritage PVC : [oral presentation]. In: 7th International Congress on Chemistry for Cultural Heritage : ChemCH : Bratislava, Slovakia, 2-5 July 2024. 2024. Str. 58-60. https://chemch2024.educell.sk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Proceedings_ChemCH2024.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 202043651]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, POK, Špela, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Determination of acidic emissions from heritage PVC objects : [lecture]. In: IAQ 2024 : The International Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments : November 18-20, 2024, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York USA. [New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2024]. Str. 21-22. http://www.iaq.dk/iap/iaq2024/IAQ2024_abstractbooklet.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 219929603]
  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Dehydrochlorination and yellowing of heritage poly(vinyl chloride) : [lecture]. In: CEPUS, Valentin (ed.), FELDMANN, Maik (ed.), LACH, Ralf (ed.). International Conference “Polymertec 24” : together with the 18th Conference “Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymers” : book of abstracts : lectures and posters : 19-20 June 2024, [at the Merseburg University of Applied Sciences]. Merseburg: Institut für Polymerwerkstoffe, 2024. Str. 61. ISBN 978-3-00-079132-1. [COBISS.SI-ID 200568323]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, BUJOK, Sonia, ANTROPOV, Sergii, NEWSOME, G. Asher, GRAU-BOVÉ, Josep, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, BRATASZ, Łukasz, STRLIČ, Matija. Non-destructive analysis of DEHP surface concentrations and diffusion-evaporation in heritage PVC objects : [oral presentation]. In: MoDeSt 2024 : 11th Conference of the Modification, Degradation, Stabilization of Polymers : book of abstracts : September 1-4, 2024, Palermo, Italy.  2024. Str. 83-84. https://www.modest2024.it/book-of-abstracts.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 211791875]
  • KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, SAAD, Marwa, BUCKI, Marek, BUJOK, Sonia, PAWCENIS, Dominika, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, GÓRECKI, Karol, BRATASZ, Łukasz, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Towards the understanding of the thermal degradation behavior of the rigid and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) : [oral presentation]. In: MoDeSt 2024 : 11th Conference of the Modification, Degradation, Stabilization of Polymers : book of abstracts : September 1-4, 2024, Palermo, Italy.  2024. Str. 85-86, ilustr. https://www.modest2024.it/book-of-abstracts.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 211805443]
  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Degradation of model poly(vinyl chloride) heritage objects by dehydrochlorination : [lecture]. In: Postgraduate chemical sciences 2024 : PRECISE2024 : international conference : book of abstracts : June 3 – 4, 2024. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, 2024. Str. 37. https://arhiv.fkkt.uni-lj.si/fizkem/PRECISE2024_Book_of_Abstracts.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 198751747]
  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, PAWCENIS, Dominika, SAAD, Marwa, BUCKI, Marek, BUJOK, Sonia, ANTROPOV, Sergii, BRATASZ, Łukasz, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. PVCare : preventive conservation strategies for poly(vinyl chloride) objects. In: ANŽUR, Lana Nastja (ed.), MAHGOUB, Hend (ed.). 1st conference of the Slovenian node of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science : book of abstracts : 22nd November, 2023, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Ljubljana: Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 2023. Str. 87-89, ilustr. ISBN 978-961-7078-41-1. https://www.e-rihs.si/uploads/E-RIHS.SI%201st%20Conference%20BoA.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 181356803]
  • KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, BUCKI, Marek, SAAD, Marwa, BUJOK, Sonia, BRATASZ, Łukasz, GÓRECKI, Karol, PAWCENIS, Dominika, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Determining the correlation between chemical changes and mechanical properties of artificially aged poly(vinyl chloride) : [oral presentation]. In: LV Ogólnopolskie Kolokwium Katalityczne = LV Polish Annual Conference on Catalysis : 22-24.03.2023 Kraków. Kraków: IKiFP PAN, 2023. Str. 10, ilustr. ISBN 978-83-60514-36-8. https://okk.ikifp.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Book_of_Abstracts_55OKK.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 152381955]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. Predicting the yellowing of PVC objects in heritage collections : [oral presentation]. In: MANSO, Marta (ed.), ANTUNES, Vanessa (ed.), CARVALHO, Maria Luísa (ed.). Technart 2023 : Non-destructive and microanalytical techniques in art and cultural heritage : book of abstracts : International conference on analytical techniques in art and cultural heritage : Lisbon, 7-12 May 2023. Lisbon: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2023. Str. 56, ilustr. https://technart2023.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Book-of-abstracts-technart23.pdf_v3.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 152333571]
  • NOVAK, Morana, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, HRIBAR, Kristina, KRAŠEVEC, Ida, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, DE STEFANI, Caroline, CHECKLEY-SCOTT, Caroline, GRAU-BOVÉ, Josep, STRLIČ, Matija. A quantitative study of the emission rates of acetic acid from the cellulose acetate objects : [oral presentation]. In: KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena (ed.), MENART, Eva (ed.). 15th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments : IAQ : book of abstracts : 14 – 16 September 2022, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Online ed. Ljubljana: [s. n.], 2022. Str. 40-41. https://www.e-rihs.si/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/15th-IAQ22-Ljubljana_ps_Final.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 123211011]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, ŠUBIC, Maja, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. The transport of plasticizers from PVC objects into the indoor environment : [oral presentation]. In: KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena (ed.), MENART, Eva (ed.). 15th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments : IAQ : book of abstracts : 14 – 16 September 2022, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Online ed. Ljubljana: [s. n.], 2022. Str. 32-33. https://www.e-rihs.si/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/15th-IAQ22-Ljubljana_ps_Final.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 123204867]
  • KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, BUCKI, Marek, SAAD, Marwa, PAWCENIS, Dominika, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, STRLIČ, Matija, BRATASZ, Łukasz. Badania degradacji termicznej obiektów z poli(chlorku winylu). In: Analiza Chemiczna w Ochronie Zabytków XXII : 1–2 grudnia 2022, Warszawa.  2022. Str. 24-25, ilustr. http://analizazabytkow.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/AChwOZ22_A5_kompletM_NN.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 145804291]
  • RIJAVEC, Tjaša, RIBAR, David, MARKELJ, Jernej, STRLIČ, Matija, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena. Combining spectroscopy with machine learning for the analysis of plasticizers in modern and contemporary PVC : [oral presentation]. In: Chem-CH : 6th International Conference Chemistry for Cultural Heritage : abstract book : Ravenna, 4-8 July 2022.  2022. Str. 22. [COBISS.SI-ID 116291587]
  • ŠUBIC, Maja, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, KRUCZAŁA, Krzysztof, BRATASZ, Łukasz, STRLIČ, Matija. PVCare project : preventive conservation of historical poly(vinyl chloride). In: The Plastics Heritage Congress : [17th to 19th October] 2022, Naples : book of abstracts.  2022. Str. 61-62. [COBISS.SI-ID 127019523]
  • ŠUBIC, Maja, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Effects of accelerated ageing on migration of plasticizers in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). In: PINTAR, Albin (ed.). Slovenski kemijski dnevi 2022 = 28th Annual Meeting of the Slovenian Chemical Society : zbornik povzetkov = book of abstracts : 21.-23. september 2022, Portorož, Portorose, Slovenija. Ljubljana: Slovensko kemijsko društvo, 2022. Str. 211. ISBN 978-961-95922-1-2. [COBISS.SI-ID 124418051]
  • RIJAVEC Tjaša. Modelling the lifetime of PVC in collections, online lecture at Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 23. June 2022, Suitland, Maryland. [COBISS.SI-ID 113980163]
  • RIJAVEC Tjaša, STRLIČ Matija, LANGFELDT Jannicke, MOORE Abby. Inflatable Baby Trump – to inflate or not to inflate?. Conservator-restorer, 2022, pp. 116, 149. [COBISS.SI-ID 114179843]
  • Karol Górecki, Sonia Bujok, Krzysztof Kruczała. Understanding the Thermal Degradation of Poly(vinyl chloride) Plasticisers – a Case Study of Key Representatives. LVI Ogólnopolskie Kolokwium Katalityczne, 20-22.03.2024, Kraków, Poland
  • Marwa Saad, Sonia Bujok, Krzysztof Kruczała. Machine Learning-assisted Raman Spectroscopy to Identify Plasticizers in PVC Heritage Objects. LVI Ogólnopolskie Kolokwium Katalityczne, 20-22.03.2024, Kraków, Poland
  • Krzysztof Kruczała, Marek Bucki, Marwa Saad, Karol Górecki, Dominika Pawcenis, Sonia Bujok, Łukasz Bratasz. Effects of Artificial Ageing on Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride). LVI Ogólnopolskie Kolokwium Katalityczne, 20-22.03.2024, Kraków, Poland
  • Karol Górecki, Sonia Bujok, Krzysztof Kruczała. Elucidating the role of plasticiser in the degradation of plastics – investigation of poly(vinyl chloride) and its key plasticisers. XV Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa “Horyzonty Nauki”, 07-08.06.2024, Kraków, Poland
  • Sonia Bujok, Łukasz Bratasz. Risk of mechanical damage to heritage PVC objects: influence of plasticiser migration. Scientific Methods in Cultural Heritage Research (Advances and Challenges in Heritage Materials Characterization and Data Interpretation), 7-12.07.2024 Les Diablerets, Switzerland
  • Karol Górecki, Sonia Bujok, Łukasz Bratasz, Krzysztof Kruczała. The effect of the plasticiser type on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride): multimodal spectroscopic analysis. 11th conference of the Modification, Degradation, Stabilization of Polymers Society MoDeSt 2024, 01-04.09.2024, Palermo, Italy
  • Marwa Saad, Marek Bucki, Sonia Bujok, Dominika Pawcenis, Tjaša Rijavec, Karol Górecki, Łukasz Bratasz, Irena Kralj Cigić, Matija Strlič, Krzysztof Kruczała. Effect of accelerated thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride): the case of unplasticised PVC. 11th conference of the Modification, Degradation, Stabilization of Polymers Society MoDeSt 24, 1-7.09.2024 Palermo, Italy
  • S. Bujok, K. Kruczała, Ł. Bratasz. Warunki pękania obiektów z poli(chlorku winylu). Future of the Past, 14-15.06.23, Toruń, Poland
  • M. Saad, K. Kruczała, M. Bucki, K. Górecki, S. Bujok, Ł. Bratasz. Investigating Degradation of Poly(vinyl chloride) by Spectroscopic Methods. International Conference on Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy (ICAVS12), 27.08-01.09.2023, Kraków, Poland
  • M. Saad, K. Kruczała, S. Bujok, Ł. Bratasz. Prediction and Classification of Plasticizers in PVC Objects by Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. Analiza Chemiczna w Ochronie Zabytków XXIII, 30.11-1.12.2022, Warszawa, Poland

Research reports:

  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Pregled plastičnih materialov v zbirkah MG+MSUM : poročilo. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, Laboratorij za dediščinsko znanost Ljubljana, 2024. [COBISS.SI-ID 212050435]
  • POK, Špela, RIJAVEC, Tjaša, KRALJ CIGIĆ, Irena, STRLIČ, Matija. Pregled plastičnih materialov v zbirkah Pokrajinskega muzeja Maribor : poročilo. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, Laboratorij za dediščinsko znanost Ljubljana, 2024. [COBISS.SI-ID 212051459]

Socio-economic impact:

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